Principle
Under the Law of Moses, GOD gave specific instructions regarding guilt restitution payments for their sin.
Explanation
Under the Law of Moses, when an Israelite sinned, there were precise instructions for receiving forgiveness for that sin. Because blood (life) is the price of guilt due to sin, animals were sacrificed under the Law prior to the Messiah.
In addition to blood payment, GOD also prescribed monetary or wealth payment which varied by the offense.
Unintentional Sin
14 Again the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 15 “Now if a soul should be oblivious and sin involuntarily in regard to the holy things of the Lord, he shall bring to the Lord for his trespass in which he transgressed a ram without blemish from the sheep, with your valuation in shekels of silver according to the shekel of the holy place. 16 Thus he shall make restitution wherein he sinned in regard to the holy things, and he shall add one-fifth to give to the priest. So the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be remitted him.
17 “Now if a soul should sin and do anything against the Lord’s commandments, though he may not know it, nevertheless, he trespassed and shall bear his guilt. 18 So he shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish from the sheep for a trespass offering, with your valuation of silver. So the priest shall make atonement for him regarding his ignorance in which he erred but did not know it, and it shall be remitted him. 19 It is a trespass offering; he has certainly trespassed against the Lord.”
Leviticus 5:14-19 OSB
Fraud or Theft
20 Again the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 21 “Now if a soul should sin and actually disregard the Lord’s commandments by lying to his neighbor about a deposit entrusted to him for safekeeping, or about a joint-ownership, or about a robbery, or if he wronged his neighbor in something, 22 or if he found what was lost and should lie about it and swear falsely—in any one of these things a man may do when he sins: 23 then it shall be, whenever he should trespass and is guilty, he shall restore what he stole, or the thing he extorted, or what was delivered to him for safekeeping, or the lost thing he found, 24 or everything about which he swore falsely. He shall restore its full value, add one-fifth more to it, and give it to whomever it belongs on the day his trespass is brought to light. 25 Then he shall bring to the priest his trespass offering to the Lord, a ram without blemish from the sheep, with your valuation. 26 So the priest shall make atonement for him before the Lord, and it shall be remitted him for any of these things he did wherein he trespassed.”
Leviticus 5:20-26 [6:1-7] OSB
Processing Instructions for the Priests
1 ‘Now this is the law of the trespass offering of the ram (it is most holy): 2 In the place where they kill the whole burnt offering, they shall kill the ram of the trespass offering before the Lord; and its blood he shall pour all around the base of the altar. 3 He shall then offer from it all its fat. The fat tail, the fat that covers the entrails, and all the fat above the entrails, 4 the two kidneys and the fat on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe attached to the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove. 5 Then the priest shall offer them on the altar of burnt offering to the Lord. It is a trespass offering. 6 Every male among the priests may eat these things. It shall be eaten in a holy place. It is most holy. 7 The trespass offering is like the sin offering; there is one law for them both: the priest who makes atonement with it shall have it. 8 Now the priest who offers a man’s whole burnt offering shall have for himself the skin of the whole burnt offering he offered. 9 Also every grain offering made in the oven, and all that is made on the grate or in a frying pan, shall be the priest’s who offers it. 10 Every grain offering, whether prepared with or without oil, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to one as much as the other.
Leviticus 7:1-10 OSB
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